Charles on fire

Appearances, or spirituality? Charles on fire, by James Merrill, describes a conversation about the trade off between the maintaining of appearances and the pursuing of spirituality, which the discussion happened among three friends. The process of spirituality finding Is beautiful but painful, and people would rather stay with appearances. One of them, the bearded man, says, â€Å"Without your Intellectual and spiritual values, man, you are sunk. † The beard implies that this man is old enough to summary something f life.And his friends realize that he is right, they do only pay attention to the surface, the appearances. So they begin to contemplate. Then Charles appears, â€Å"brought out little tumblers finely etched† filled with wine, then lights a fire in one glass. The narrator describes the beautiful view of the fire on wine, â€Å"A blue flame, gentle, beautiful, came, went above the surface,† but rapidly â€Å"we heard the vessel crack† and  "the contents drained†. That means if you want to chase the rise of your spirit, you usually need to pay pain as the cost.And this pain is so unbearable that few people can tolerate It. That is why Charles â€Å"made two quick sweeps† to extinguish the flames and â€Å"flesh again. † The word â€Å"flesh† Implies that Charles comes back to a real person with flesh, not a virtual split. And even so, Charles still makes â€Å"a shocked, unconscious glance Into the mirror† because he cares about his appearance. Since he â€Å"finding nothing changed,† he â€Å"sank down among us,† just as the bearded man said, you are sunk. † Maybe in a few minutes, they are in â€Å"a crystal coach† which means they are in a higher level of life.However, finally they have to get out of the coach, and return to a normal person, a lower level of life. James Merrill uses many metaphors to make his readers contemplate. These metaphors are beauti ful, ingenious and most important, reasonable. It is wonderful that he can express his opinion through such a short, delicate poem. Discussion happened among three friends. The process of spirituality finding is them, the bearded man, says, â€Å"Without your intellectual and spiritual values, man, few people can tolerate it.That is why Charles â€Å"made two quick sweeps† to extinguish the flames and â€Å"flesh again. † The word â€Å"flesh† implies that Charles comes back to a real person with flesh, not a virtual spirit. And even so, Charles still makes â€Å"a shocked, unconscious glance into the mirror† because he cares about his appearance. Since he â€Å"finding nothing changed,† he â€Å"sank down among us,† Just as the bearded man said, â€Å"you are sunk. † Maybe in a few minutes, they are in â€Å"a crystal coach† which coach, and return to a normal person, a lower level of life. James Merrill uses

Promoting the Integration of Therapeutic Touch in Nursing Practice Essay

1. Describe the patient group in the study. English speaking adults with Dx of cancer expected to be on the unit the day following the intervention, whose medical conditions did not preclude their ability to comfortably receive TT or participate in the interview, and were able to give informed consent; 34 patient-participants completed the research process (16 women and 18 men), age range of 22 to 77 with an average age of 52 years 2. What was their health problem? Bone marrow transplant Patients. The focus of the study? Explore the experiences of nurses and patients on an inpatient oncology and bone marrow transplant unit when nurses had time preserved for exclusive offering of TT. 3. Who was providing the care? Two staff nurse-interventionists who were experienced and participated in TT education, and three nurse-interviewers who discussed the TT intervention with patient-participants the day following TT treatment. 4. What was the setting for the care? The study was conducted in an academic medical center on a 26 bed hematology/oncology in patient unit with bone marrow transplantation program. 5. What were the findings? 1) TT is a vehicle for comfort, caring, and presence that creates possibility and healing 2) TT invites a shift from disease-state focus to personhood focus that is freeing and reawakens the essence of nursing 3)TT is an intervention that illuminates the transformative power of nursing theory-research-practice. 6. What were the recommendations? Having a complementary nursing strategy, such as TT, that allows nurses an additional way to offering care that facilitates comfort, assists with anxiety reduction, and enhances sleep is of major significance. 7. How practical/useful is this information to a practicing nurse? I am not sure how practical TT is. First, you would have to have additional staff to allow for the time to educate seasoned nurses in TT and then to perform TT on the patients. You would also have to have the support of the administrative staff. However, I do believe that laying on of hands is an effective therapeutic tool. 8. What I wonder is†¦.. would there be a similar outcome in other specialty areas that patients have not had the opportunity to establish a trusting relationship with the nursing staff prior to TT.

Relationship Between the EUs Protection of Human Rights and Other Essay

Relationship Between the EUs Protection of Human Rights and Other Domestic Regional and International means of Protecting Human - Essay Example Among these three human rights protection mechanisms, EU charter of Fundamental Rights is the focus of this paper, and so this paper will critically discuss the relationship between this EU charter’s protection of Human Rights and other domestic, regional and international means of protecting human rights, particularly its relationship with national constitutional traditions, ECHR and United Nations (UN) Background of EU's protection of Human Rights European Union (EU) views protection of human rights, uploading of democracy and the rule of law as its core values. Although EU has not embedded human rights in its founding treaties, it spelled out its stance on human rights protection through the adoption of a Charter of Fundamental Rights in the year 2000. ... t human rights, as the well as countries which have concluded trade and other agreements with it.†3 Thus, on the whole, EU charter of Fundamental rights is uploading human rights in EU countries, as well as doing its part in non-EU countries, in association with other regional and international entities. As mentioned above, EU charter is one of the three layers of human rights protection in EU member countries, so it have ‘relationship’ with other layers of national constitution traditions and importantly with fellow regional grouping of ECHR, with varying degree of cooperation as well as divergence. Relationship between the EU's protection of Human Rights and domestic entities’ means of protecting human rights For most part of their existence, EU and its ECJ did not try to dominate or usurp the powers of the national governments in relation to human rights. This is because ECJ was not a human rights guardian per se, instead it was established by EU as the h ighest legal institution, designed â€Å"to uphold the process of economic integration among various member states.†4 However, it all changed with EU’s adoption of charter in 2000, and also due to certain actions by national legal bodies, which in a way tried to undermine EU. The threat to the supremacy of EU’s human rights laws over national laws arose when constitutional courts resisted Community action, â€Å"insofar as they considered it as violating fundamental rights protected in national constitutions.†5 This can be seen in Stauder v. City of Ulm, Case 29/69, [1969] ECR 419, in which the decision of the ECJ appeared to be contrary to the basic rights that were enshrined in the German constitutional law. To further assert its supremacy only, EU and ECJ decided to include fundamental human rights in

Does IT Matter Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does IT Matter Assignment - Coursework Example In terms of buyers, the buyers can be said to be fragmented since due to the many types of people possibly needing such services. There is no certain defined group that can control the outcome of the pricing. In fact, the buyers depend on the system which cannot be found on other car rental companies so switching costs are not yet a concern. This also minimized the threat of substitutes since the product is very unique. As for the suppliers, the channel of distribution is online. This make selling much easier, since there is no middle man or salesman who can interrupt in the process. As for the threat of new entrants, the costs for a competitor to switch to a similar system are quite risky since Zipcar has already a proven track-record. The reengineering of services would entail not only capitalization but training as well so, unless a new business has strong capitalization, Zipcar would be enjoying its current position. 2. Information technology had always been utilized by companies to gain competitive advantage. In Zipcar’s case, it has used IT to create a unique service that most people are used to nowadays (making reservations online). Likewise,it has created synergy by adapting a system that makes things more efficient not only for the customer but for the business as well.

Muhammad Yunus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Muhammad Yunus - Essay Example Micro finance is a term given for the practice of providing financial services, usually very small loans, to developing economies. As the name itself suggests, most transactions in micro finance involve small amounts of money, frequently less than 100 USD. This paper will review an article about Microfinance titled, The Microfinance Promise written by Jonathan Murduch with special focus on Economist, Muhammad Yunus. The main thesis of this article is about the role of Microfinance in the development of individuals and how Muhammad Yunus’s role is very crucial in that development. Microfinance is the ray of hope for many people the world over, who were living a life of struggle due to the lack of basic needs caused by deficient economic resources. This economic deficiency is actually due their inability to find a livelihood and this is further accentuated by the apathy shown by the Government and its institutions. â€Å"About one billion people globally live in households with per capita incomes of under one dollar day. The policymakers and practitioners †¦face an uphill battle. Reports of bureaucratic sprawl and unchecked corruption abound† (Murduch 1569) The author focusses on Muhammad Yunus and Grameen bank after discussing about the utility of Microfinance and the latest approaches. According to the author, it is due to the personal initiative of Muhammad Yunus that Microfinance had its roots in Bangladesh, which in turn ‘rooted’ and ‘routed’ many lives in their path to success. Before Yunus’s initiative, many people had no idea of about the concept of Microfinance and lived their lives with lot of discomfort. And, this term entered common parlance due to the work of Prof. Muhammad Yunus, who was aptly awarded the Nobel Prize for economics in 2006. Muhammad Yunus is only credited with disbursing the first microloan in Bangladesh in 1974 using his own money. The author of the article, Murduch focusses on Yunus

Policy memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Policy memo - Assignment Example tain Conversation Area Act is bill which seeks to create conversation to the mountain national conservation Area surrounding Lake Mendocino, Yolo Counties and Solano in the area of California. Core visitations of this act are target of scenic, ecological, recreation, wildlife, natural, education and scientific resources. This act will seek to create conservation to the jurisdiction by ensuring government and local responsibilities are adhered to. The act is comprehensive to cover issues related to environmental cleanup, public safety, and a comprehensive weed management strategy. The act is significant to ensure it initiate a management plan by issuance of target permits. In this light, the act will focus on the core advantages on a comprehensive environmental management strategy. This act is crucial since it will target protection of encroached areas by ensuring that residents in those particular have proper permits to conduct certain environmental conscious activities. The US congress should pass the bill since it seeks to, boost local economies, and develop methods of working landscape and economic viability of Native American groups residing in those areas. Thirdly, promote and enhance recreation and conservation areas. In all cases, the bill is vital to since it will seek to request public responsibility in conserving the environmental. However, while deciding to pass the bill, the congress should consider the question of impartiality of the process stipulated by the bill. This paper has attempted to establish why the congress should pass the Berryessa Snow Mountains Conversation Area. The paper has cited better environmental advantages as the leading advantages in considering whether to pass the bill. In any case, environmental consciousness should topple over

Systems Methods for Problem Solving Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Systems Methods for Problem Solving - Assignment Example Based on the metaphor chosen, methodology of Viable Systems Method (VSM) was used to redesign the critical parts of the project execution. The paper ends with the action steps necessary to implement the redesign. A summary and list of references are included at the end. Total Systems Intervention (TSI) is an approach to problem solving for any organization that stands firm with the original holistic intent of systems thinking (Flood 1994). It provides principles, processes and tools to look at problems and organizations from a macro point of view that needs to be considered as the problem is scrutinized and analyzed into its micro components. The micro components must be approached not as a stand-alone entity itself, but as part of a complex system of the whole. This in consideration allows for a more comprehensive analysis and resolution process of the problem. e. The mission and various interpretations must come together at some point, through organizational design and management style, balancing the needs of both the organization and the member ensuring the bottomline business needs is reflected. The TSI process has three phases: creativity, choice and implementation (Flood 1995, p.178). In creativity phase, issues are identified and brought about through the use of decontextualization, or breaking down the issue into micro components, and making sense of such components by contextualizing them into the interacting issues that needs to be managed. This feeds into the choice phase where the use of methods will be implemented to find the most suitable to manage the issues. The methods will have its own strength and weakness, and so depending on how the issues are viewed, the resolution will be influenced by such strengths and weaknesses. The resolution, happening in the last phase of implementation will capture changes needed to be made on the organization, specifically and holistically in order to address the issues identified in the creativity

GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGY - Assignment Example Google and Apple introduced Android and iOS operating systems, which provided greater functionality and app support than Nokia’s Symbian. As a result, Android and iOS gained larger market shares than Nokia within less than four years after they were introduced. Nokia lost its position as the leading smartphone company in the world. The alliance between Nokia and Microsoft did not achieve the intended purposes. Rather than help Nokia to regain market share, the alliance resulted in Nokia losing more market share as the Microsoft Phone OS started losing market share to Android and iOS. Ultimately, Nokia decided to sell off its devices business to Microsoft, marking the exit of Nokia from the smartphone industry. The failure of the Nokia-Microsoft alliance was based on various factors including poor leadership, organizational culture, and structure. The business environment is continually changing (Stangler, D. 2012). These constant changes influence industries and companies in various ways (Jain, Trehan & Trehan, n.d.: 16). Within the high-tech industry, the increase and emergence of new challenges such as declining growth, growing competition, and globalization have necessitated the integration and collaboration of the industry at the global level (Saksena, 2009: 1-2).In the recent past, major integrations and collaborations have been witnessed in the global smartphone industry. One such integration was involved Nokia and Microsoft Inc., which resulted in the two tech giants working together in the smartphone industry. In 2011, the two companies entered into a partnership where Nokia would produce its high end smartphones, Lumia, which would run on Microsoft’s Windows operating system. The partnership was motivated by Nokia’s threat of losing market share after the entry of new competitors including Google Inc. and Apple Inc. The entry of these new competitors into the smartphone sector resulted in

Advanced Project Management unit 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advanced Project Management unit 2 - Essay Example Unless the basic guidelines of BoK are adhered to, organizations would not be able to achieve competitive advantage through effective PM. Changes in technology, changes in HRM and constraints of time require organizations to be more efficient. The Maturity Models provide a logical path for progressive development. The PM team at Toyota could achieve significant competitive advantage and respond to the changing business environment through the application of the principles, and the tools and techniques of PM (Maylor, 2010). Procedurilisation has to be adhered to and then creativity can be implemented, if projects have to be completed successfully. If it was not for the BoK, project managers would not know how to organize, manage and control projects (Evans, n.d.). BoK helps organizations to deal with critical issues and project planning is at the heart of project management. BoK does not encourage autonomy and empowerment. On the contrary they insist that procedures should be adhered to. If procedures are adhered to creativity is stifled. Without creativity and innovation projects may not achieve the desired level of success. According to PMI, the standards have to be ‘consistently applied’ to achieve organizational excellence (PMI, 2012). BoK does not merely provide the basic guidelines, but the standards have to be consistently applied! If the organization or the project manager has to adhere to the five processes containing nine knowledge areas as per the BoK, there is little room for individual growth and development. If all projects follow the same nine principles, all projects are likely to follow the same mundane path and may not be able to cope with or respond to changes in technology. Certification programs in PMP are supposed to enhance eligibility to engage in the principles of BoK. However, failures of projects are a common phenomenon. This explains the importance of innovation in project management. This also implies that BoK restrict

Lonrho Plc Essay Example for Free

Lonrho Plc Essay An evaluation of Lonrho’s corporate strategy should start from the two main key issues: in what businesses the firm should compete and how corporate headquarter should manage those businesses. Lonrho’s profile in 1996 included Agriculture, Sugar, General Trade, Hotels, Manufacturing, MiningRefining and MotorEquipment. The level of diversification was clearly high and the firm was pursuing a unrelated strategy, with less than 70% of revenues that came from the dominant business (Mining ) and without common links between businesses. The corporation was divided into country groups or related business lines and each division had a top manager whose responsibilities were similar to those of a group CEO. So the headquarter control of these groups was not very formal and all important decisions were in the hands of Rowland, that used to follow his strategies without consulting the board. Tiny Rowland wasn’t a pure manager but an entrepreneur interested in doing deals, so he made no efforts to share activities or to transfer core competences between different areas. The main interest was to find undervalued assets and try to make them profitable. Hence we can easily analyse the operational relatedness, since the firm didn’t share either primary or support activities. Corporate relatedness needs a deeper analysis. All these businesses seem to be related by Rowland’s huge experience in conducting affairs and by his effective skill in building relationships with African leaders, pursuing the policy of â€Å"investment in people†. But no more corporate-level competences were transferred among Lonrho’s assets, maybe because businesses were too different and Tiny did not want to move key people into new management positions. So from these evaluations, the natural conclusion is that Lonrho’s corporate strategy is an unrelated diversification. In my opinion the corporate level strategy in itself was good (exhibit 1 and 2: high revenues until 1991), but the way in which Rowland managed it was totally wrong. The main strength in its extreme diversification, was the reduction of the risk among the firm’s businesses. However, this is not enough to make the evaluation positive because there were also several negative aspects. Starting with corporate governance, the first big problem was the lack of power by board’s members: Tiny surrounded himself with â€Å"yes-men† and he, not the board, decided what to do in case of critical issues. So the entire conglomerate was managed by a man who used to define himself as an entrepreneur and not a manager. Besides the level of control was low, if we consider that Lonrho was a big and really complex company. Moreover, and here we have the second big problem, among Tiny’s investments, several ones defected in economic rationality. For instance, he became interested in trophy investments, only to gain prestige (that the company couldn’t exploit properly because corporate relatedness was low) although they may have been loss making. Finally, the firm was facing huge cash flow problems, due to large headquarters’ payroll, an inefficient dividend policy and Rowland’s excessive lifestyle. All these issues contributed to destroy the level of revenues and profits over the years and conducted to the only practicable way: an internal restructuring of assets. What future direction(s) should Lonrho take in terms of its corporate-level strategy? The two main options that Lonrho has for come out to the crisis are move in the direction of focusing the business, or continue as a conglomerate. Most important, the company must immediately start a corporate restructuring strategy. The main purpose should be the limitation of losses, instead of the value and profitability creation. Lonrho could pursue this restructuring strategy both in related business lines and in country groups. For related business lines, hotel and general trade segments were cyclical, capital intensive and they were performing below average, so the firm should try to sell its remaining assets to other companies. Regarding country groups, exhibit 2 shows that in United Kingdom, Europe and America, Lonrho was not doing well, so the board should find a way to leave these areas. With this easier structure, now the firm has to take a definite position. i) A business focusing means that Lonrho will concentrate only on one of the three businesses left. Sugar represented 6% of Lonrho revenues and 18% of operating profit in 1996, and despite low production costs and an access to a favourable mix of markets, this seems the most suitable for being abandoned, just because is the smallest asset in the company’s portfolio. Lonrho Africa is diversified both geographically and in business lines. With an operating profit of ? 52 millions, is a valuable segment, but with Tiny no longer in the picture, Lonrho do not have a real Africa specialist. Finally the mining segment is the most important asset for the firm, because represented 22% of 1996 revenue and 41% of operating profit. In my opinion, if the company has to make a choice, this could be the right market to sustain. Some investments are required for Ashanti Goldfields in Ghana and to improve the export capacity of Duiker mining subsidiary in South Africa. However, if Lonrho will be focused only on this business I think that it will have the types and levels of resources and capabilities needed. Nevertheless I do not think that this corporate strategy is the best. This strategy is mainly concerned with making choices among the last two alternatives. So the corporation would be constrained to relinquish the enormous promise of African continent, or the 41% of mining profit if it chooses to focus in Lonrho Africa. ii) The firm can continue as a conglomerate but for the reason said above, also in this case Lonrho should leave the sugar market. Now we have two businesses left and I would like to make a comparison with the Boston Consulting Group chart. With this corporate strategy, the firm could use mining as a â€Å"cash cow† market, trying to exploit the high percentage of the revenues that comes from the asset. Than it can use this cash flow in Lonrho Africa, a proper â€Å"star† market, with its enormous promise but also with a lot of investments needed. So with its management expertise, technical skills and a respected name, mixed with new financial resources, Lonrho could undertake some projects in Africa that few other firms could. I think that these are the right actions that the firm should take in term of corporate strategy.

Hybrid Pi Ce Transistor Model

Hybrid Pi Ce Transistor Model The hybrid-pi model is a popular circuit model used for analyzing the small signal behavior of bipolar junction and field effect transistors. The model can be quite accurate for low-frequency circuits and can easily be adapted for higher frequency circuits with the addition of appropriate inter-electrode capacitances and other parasitic elements. Bipolar junction (BJT) parameters The hybrid-pi model is a linearized two-port network approximation to the BJT using the small-signal base-emitter voltage vbe and collector-emitter voltage vce as independent variables, and the small-signal base current ib and collector current ic as dependent variables. Figure 1: Simplified, low-frequency hybrid-pi BJT model. A basic, low-frequency hybrid-pi model for the bipolar transistor is shown in figure 1. The various parameters are as follows. is the transconductance in siemens, evaluated in a simple mode where: is the quiescent collector current (also called the collector bias or DC collector current) is the thermal voltage, calculated from Boltzmanns constant k, the charge of an electron q, and the transistor temperature in kelvins, T. At 300 K (approximately room temperature) VT is about 26 mV (Google calculator). in ohms where: is the current gain at low frequencies (commonly called hFE). Here IB is the Q-point base current. This is a parameter specific to each transistor, and can be found on a datasheet; ÃŽÂ ² is a function of the choice of collector current. is the output resistance due to the Early effect (VA is the Early voltage). Related terms The reciprocal of the output resistance is named the output conductance . The reciprocal of gm is called the intrinsic resistance . MOSFET parameters Figure 2: Simplified, low-frequency hybrid-piMOSFET model. A basic, low-frequency hybrid-pi model for the MOSFET is shown in figure 2. The various parameters are as follows. is the transconductance in siemens, evaluated in the Shichman-Hodges model in terms of the Q-point drain current ID by (see Jaeger and Blalock): , where: ID is the quiescent drain current (also called the drain bias or DC drain current) Vth = threshold voltage and VGS = gate-to-source voltage. The combination: often is called the overdrive voltage. is the output resistance due to channel length modulation, calculated using the Shichman-Hodges model as , using the approximation for the channel length modulation parameter ÃŽÂ » . Here VE is a technology-related parameter (about 4 V/ÃŽÂ ¼m for the 65 nm technology node) and L is the length of the source-to-drain separation. The reciprocal of the output resistance is named the drain conductance . The COMMON-EMITTER CONFIGURATION (CE) is the most frequently used configuration in practical amplifier circuits, since it provides good voltage, current, and power gain. The input to the CE is applied to the base-emitter circuit and the output is taken from the collector-emitter circuit, making the emitter the element common to both input and output. The CE is set apart from the other configurations, because it is the only configuration that provides a phase reversal between input and output signals High -Frequency -pi CE transistor model The Hybrid-Pi model is a fairly accurate description of the BJT small-signal response up to GHz range. Since the common emitter circuit is considered the most important practical configuration , we seek a CE model suitable for high frequencies. Hybrid -pi or Giacoletto common emitter transistor model shown below. This circuit is quite simple and analysis of circuit using this model are not difficult and give result which are in excellent agreement with experiment at all frequencies for which the transistor gives reasonable amplification. Furthermore , the resisitive components in this circuit may be derived from the low frequencies H-parameters. All parameters (resistances and capacitances) in the model are assumed frequency invariant. Parameters may be vary with the quiescent operating point , but under given bias conditions they are reasonably constant for small signal variations. For high frequency analysis the transistor is replaced this high frequency hybrid PI-model and voltage gain and current gain , input impedances etc are determined. To find current gain Apply current divider rule to the output circuit To find input resistance Applying KVL to input circuit Vs = hie ib + hre vce Vs = ib hie + hre iL RL from equation (1) Vs = ib hie + hre Ai ib RL ( iL =Ai ib ) Substituting in equation (2) Ri = hie + hre Ai RL To find voltage gain Av = since To find output resistance Replace RL by a voltage source. Replace independent sources by internal impedance of the source Applying KC L to the output circuit. iC = hfe ib + i1 iC = hfe ib + vce hoe(4) Applying KVL to input circuit ( hie ib + hre vce) =0 substituting for ib in equation (4) substituting in equation (3) To find output resistance with RL RO1 = RO||RL Since RL is in parallel with the voltage source, total output resistance is the parallel combination of RL and RO Numerical problems Question A common emitter amplifier has the following h- parameters. hie =1KÃŽÂ ©, hre = 10-4, hfe =100, hoe = 12 µmho. Find current gain, Voltage gain, Ri, Ro, power gain. Take RL = 2KÃŽÂ ©. Also find output power take vS = 500 mV ( rms). HYBRID-p EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT To obtain Hybrid-p Equivalent circuit Consider a PNP transistor as shown above. The emitter current IE is divided in to base current IB and a component aIE of the collector current. This division of current takes place in the entire base layer at infinite number of points. For mathematical convenience, it is assumed that the division of current takes place at an imaginary terminal B1. rb1e: It is the resistance of forward biased base to emitter junction and it is the resistance offered to the flow of the current IE. rb1c: It is the resistance of reverse biased collector to base junction. The flow of current in this resistance represents the reverse saturation current Ico due to flow of minority charge carriers. rbb1: It is the resistance of the base layer for the flow of the current IB. This is called base spreading resistance because the division of emitter current is spread across the entire region. aIE: This is the current in the collector due to transistor action. When charge carriers reach the base layer from emitter, the potential gradient at the collector junction will result in the movement of the charge carriers in to the collector. This forms the current. aIE depends on the emitter current IE which inturn depends upon the voltage across base to emitter junction. Therefore, the voltage VB1E controls aIE. VB1E is the independent variable. This depends on charge carrier concentration and temperature. cb1e and cb1c: This is the stray capacitance across the two P-N junction. The reactance of the capacitor is very high at mid-frequency. Hence approximately, capacitors are replaced by open circuit (not considered). But for high frequency, the reactance becomes finite. Hence considered in the analysis. All the above terms are called Hybrid-p parameters. These parameters can be represented by the following circuit and it is called Hybrid-p equivalent circuit or Giacollette equivalent circuit. gm vb1e is the component of collector current(aie) expressed as a function of independent variable vb1e. gm is the Transconductance of the transistor. This represents ability of the transistor in transforming the input voltage vb1e in to output current.rce: rce is the internal resistance of the current source. To find Hybrid-p parameters Hybrid -p equivalent circuit Let the output terminals be short circuited . Considering mid- frequency, reactance of all capacitors becomes infinite. Therefore, all capacitors can be replaced by open circuit. rb1c is the resistance of reverse biased collector junction whose value is very high. Therefore it can be approximated to open circuit. rce is short circuited, becomes redundant. Hence can be removed To find gm where ΆIC and ΆVB1E are the changes in the currents and voltages around quiescent condition. We know that IC = aIE + ICO Since ICO is very small and a is very close to unity, Differentiating with respect to VB1E If t = 27oC (3) substituting in (1) In general In the above equation, IC represents the dc collector current or quiescent current. Its value can be found graphically by drawing the dc load line, locating the Q point on the load line and then measuring IC. OR if know the biasing arrangement of the transistor, then the circuit can be solved using biasing technique and then IC can be calculated. To find rb1e From the two port network theory, we know that vse = ib hie + hre vce (4) ic = ibhfe + hoe vce (5) OR From equation -(5) In the hybrid p equation circuit, VCE is already 0. Therefore obtain the ratio From hybrid p equation circuit and equate it to equation (6). Equating to equation (6). hfe =gm rb1e To find rbb1 From equation (4) From the hybrid-p equivalent circuit, applying KVL to input circuit. Vs = ib(rbb1 + rb1e) To find rb1c Rewriting the hybrid p equivalent circuit by neglecting all capacitances( open circuit) From equation (4) Taking ib = 0 in the hybrid-p equivalent circuit, since there is no voltage drop across rbb1, vs = vb1e. Substituting in equation (8). From the hybrid -p equivalent circuit. Applying voltage divider rule to circuit(2). rb1e is the resistance of the forward biased junction and rb1c is the resistance of the reverse biased junction. Therefore rb1e can be neglected in the denominator. To find rce From equation-(5) Applying KCL at the output terminal ic = i1 + gm vb1e + i2 substituting in the above equation Since rb1e To find Cb1C Cb1C is the junction capacitance of reverse biased collector to base junction. When a PN junction is reverse biased, the width of the depletion layer increases and capacitance decreases. Therefore Cb1C is very low of the order of few pico farads. To find Cb1e This is the capacitance of forward biased PN junction. When a PN junction is forward biased, width of the depletion layer decreases and capacitance increases. Cb1e + Cb1C = Where fT is called the transition frequency. fT = hfe fb fb is called upper cutoff frequency. fb = Numrical Problem: A transistor amplifier is operating with a dc condition of (10V,10mA). The operating temperature is 300C. The H-parameters of the transistor are hie =1Ko, hre =2.5X10-4, hfe=100, hoe=25X10-5mho. Calculate hybrid-p parameters given that CC=3PF. Take fT=1MHz. Solution References and notes ^ R.C. Jaeger and T.N. Blalock (2004). Microelectronic Circuit Design (Second Edition ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. Section 13.5, esp. Eqs. 13.19. ISBN 0-07-232099-0. ^ R.C. Jaeger and T.N. Blalock. Eq. 5.45 pp. 242 and Eq. 13.25 p. 682. ISBN 0-07-232099-0. ^ R.C. Jaeger and T.N. Blalock. Eq. 4.20 pp. 155 and Eq. 13.74 p. 702. ISBN 0-07-232099-0. ^ a b W. M. C. Sansen (2006). Analog Design Essentials. DordrechtÃŽÂ ¼: Springer. p. 0124, p. 13. ISBN 0-387-25746-2. G.B GUPTA Millman halkias

The Effect of One Tribe on an Entire Nation :: history

The Effect of One Tribe on an Entire Nation The Roman Catholic Church is a foundation of medieval European culture. However, certain people also had influential effects. These included Pope Urban II, Walter the Penniless, and Peter the Hermit. Everyone in Europe belonged to the Roman Catholic Church except Arabs, Jews, and the people of the Byzantine Empire. The position of Pope had great responsibility. The Pope had more power and wealth than any king or noble. However, most of the power of the church came from the excommunication. Anyone who had committed an offense against the church was expelled from it. Also, Christians were forbidden contact with anyone excommunicated, even if they were family. One show of the vast power held by the church involved King Henry IV. Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him in 1076 C.E. King Henry IV was forced to beg for absolution and was eventually forgiven by Pope Gregory VII because he was bound by his position to resolve him. However, if an excommunicated noble remained defiant, he was forbidden to receive the Sacraments as well as the normal procedures. This law kept the nobility in line. The church also had the power to extend sanctuary to anyone accused of an evil offense. Sanctuary was a place of protection. If a man was being sought after for a crime, one option was for him to enter the church, confess his sins, and be resolved. His seekers had no power over him while he was residing there. The church also provided an education for most people. The language of the teachings was Latin. Since the church was so large, the task of maintenance was great. Men and women who retreated from worldly distractions were called monks and nuns. Nuns held residence in nunneries; while, monks lived in monasteries. Monks followed the Rule of Benedict. This devoted them to certain work and prayer. Their work was significant though because Romans and Barbarians of the time considered work to be for slaves and below the level of even commoners. Their main duties were teaching and farming. Since the Catholic religion was such a significant part of every day life, people commonly journeyed to shrines on â€Å"pilgrimages†. Their journey was hard and was often considered a means of penance for sins. The peasants who could not afford a horse on which to journey had to travel by foot—only assisted by a staff.

Citizen Soldiers essay -- essays research papers

In the book Citizen Soldiers by Stephen E. Ambrose, the title explains mainly what the book is about. The title itself gives you the insight about how the war was fought through the perspective of a regular citizen fighting in the biggest war in history. During the war there were many casualties, as a result more regular citizens were being drafted to go right into battle. In this book Ambrose exemplifies the fact that there were many regular citizens in the war and that they took the situation that they were in and made better of it and overcame it to come home as heroes. The men of the story were ordinary citizens put into an extraordinary situation and came out on top. These men often bonded together through some of the harder times, for example in the text there was a time where one soldier was able to be sent home to the states but refused it because he wanted to stay with his friend. â€Å"It’s either I stay here or he comes too,† those were the feelings of many people in the war that shared a special attachment with another man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book was able to clarify many of my questions left over from Band Of Brothers, like how the men of the companies got along with the newer recruits and how they shared their feelings for them. I soon realized that the citizen soldiers of this book had their really close friends but they really didn’t see the new people as intruding on their war lifestyle and being too anxious to fight. They didn’t react to cruelly...

JIT manufacturing and inventory control system Essay example -- GCSE B

JIT Just-in-time production is considered to be on the leading edge of technological advancement. With improvements in the virtually every industry, maintaining an effective production line while minimizing inventory costs is a very feasible option. Just-in-time systems are designed to keep inventory costs at a minimum, unlike the ways of old, with large warehouses loaded with back inventory. With technology allowing instantaneous communication around the world, production lines and stores do not have to wait for days for inventory delivery. It can happen, well, just-in-time. Many companies are on the verge of switching to a just-in-time inventory system, to compliment the millions of companies that have already implemented the system. It is generally recognized that effective implementation of just-in-time will result in a significant reduction of inventories. As a matter of fact, inventory levels are key indicators for measuring just-in-time performance (Harrison). The just-in-time phi losophy on inventory management is simple: - Strive for a level of zero inventories. - Produce items at the rate required by the customer. - Eliminate all unnecessary lead times. - Reduce setup costs to achieve the smallest economical lot size - ideally, a quantity of one. - Optimize material flow from suppliers through the production process to the point of sale of the finished product, so that inventories are minimized. - Ensure high quality and dependable just-in-time delivery from suppliers. - Implement a Total Quality Control (TQC) program, which will minimize scrap, rework and resultant delays in production (Naylor). While the just-in-time inventory management philosophy is simple, execution is not. In a just-in-time environment, the supplier should deliver raw materials and other purchased items when they are needed. A blanket purchase order or other suitable form of basic agreement should cover the terms and conditions for procurement. Delivery of the item should be direct to the point of use in the manufacturing plant. It is time consuming and not cost-effective for the materials to be handled in one part of a production line before it is moved to the correct location. It is up to the supplier to ensure a smooth flow of material to support production, which is obtained through optimum communication and coordination between the manufacturing plant and the supp... .... - Authorize individuals in production to release vendor delivery quantities against blanket purchase orders, purchasing agreement, or contract. - Establish inventory policy code for each item based on the method of inventory control and the method of transaction reporting and recording. - Review and establish minimum economical order quantities and safety stocks required by just-in-time production. - Measure inventory performance to determine effectiveness of just-in-time production and inventory management (Naylor). Just-in-time will change our conventional thinking concerning the management of inventories and streamline our methods for inventory control. Proper selection and implementation of these methods will yield substantial benefits by improving customer service, shortening delivery lead times, and significantly reducing inventory investment. It does not, however, eliminate the need for sound inventory planning. Bibliography: Slack, Chambers, Harland, Harrison and Johnston, Operations Management, New York: Pitman, 1995 Naylor J, Operations Management, New York: Pitman, 1996 Harrison A, Just-in-time Manufacturing in Perspective, New York: Prentice Hall, 1992

The End or The Journey

The road awards my future goal would be able to modify my personality. The Journey would allow myself to understand my personality even further. Also, the passage towards my future would grant myself the privilege of discovering who I am. I do not understand myself, but a part of the journey is discovering what your intentions, dreams, actions, paths are. The goal would still be at the end. However, the journey is a never-ending adventure. The initial goal would waiver with each action, decision, made. The future is full of different paths, experiencing the different paths would transform a person into a new being.A person is similar to a caterpillar, a transforming creature. The caterpillar changes from a helpless creature into a powerful butterfly and humans grow with each experience they encounter. For example, each day that goes by, science is evolving by the scientists who encounter new Ideas, experiments, and results. Each day passes with change from within. As a future is full of different paths, dreams are full of different results and mindsets. In the life Vive experienced so far, Vive been through many dreams and career paths, the journey towards my future is a never-ending experience.My first dream started as an artist during my elementary school days; that ended when I realized there were other people who were more talented in the arts. However, I continued to sketch as a hobby. My second career path was through history as an anthropologist; that career went down the drain because of money issues. My third dream was a preschool teacher. That dream began with my love for children and is still a possible career selection for my future. My fourth career choice Is a pedantically. Although the choice of continuing school for a long time will probably backfire on me, the desire to alp children has kept that dream alive.My fifth dream Is to be an accountant, my current dream. All the different dreams I've had over the years has set myself towards different results, but my ever-changing demeanor has confused my end result. The future Is unclear and the path Is cloudy, the end Is a mystery and the Journey Is a challenge. People will grow as they move forward. However, there Is no guarantee of growth at the end of the road. The obstacles before a challenger calls for mistakes and growth, not perfection. The end is perfection, but the trek towards he end is full of mistakes, errors, and progress.That is why I believe that the journey is greater than the goal. The End or The Journey By Cindy â€Å"The Journey is far greater than the inn. † I am a sixteen year old girl. As a child, there is a long Journey towards adulthood. There is the pleasure of the Journey taken and the Joy of the end. Some people may more impact on the person. During Journeys, there are obstacles that the Journeyer has to overcome. The road understand myself, but a part of the Journey is discovering what your intentions, dreams, actions, paths are. The goal wou ld still be at the end.However, the Journey is new ideas, experiments, and results. Each day passes with change from within. As a selection for my future. My fourth career choice is a petrifaction. Although the help children has kept that dream alive. My fifth dream is to be an accountant, my current dream. All the different dreams Vive had over the years has set myself result. The future is unclear and the path is cloudy, the end is a mystery and the journey is a challenge. People will grow as they move forward. However, there is no the end is full of mistakes, errors, and progress. That is why I believe that the Journey

Rachel Akhazemea Essay

In the novel of mice and men John Steinbeck uses the two protagonists Lennie small and George Milton to show morals through-out the novella. Steinbeck uses the main characters to portrait the American dream. I realize Steinbeck vaguely gets us to explore each character feeling by feeling, but in the time of age they’re living in we get a clearer understanding of why they are the way they are. In this essay I will discuss the relationship between both George and Lennie, and why Steinbeck has decided to use two completely different characters in the same content. A rather key way in which Steinbeck introduces Lennie and George is through the use of description. In the opening of the novel, Steinbeck decides to create suspense for the characters. He uses metaphorical language to compare Lennie like an animal â€Å"the way a bear drags his paws†, the idea of Steinbeck doing this allows the reader to assumedly suggest what type of person Lennie is straight away, the imagery of the bear represents how masculine, strong and loud Lennie comes across to be, but on the other hand it could represent how sometimes a bear is unaware of its actions and is dangerous, therefore this foreshadows what happens later on in the novel. Our understanding of Lennie begins to grow as we read further on into the novel. We know Lennie is seen as a strong character physically and George is a strong character verbally, but not so much physically as Lennie. The relationship may face some challenges as they’re dialect is obviously different, you would assume two close friends would show unity in the way they come across, but Steinbeck doesn’t use this typical idea of friendship in the novel. As we read further on in the book we create an image for both characters. We start to realise how Lennie treats George as a father figure. Lennie, despite being slow and easily confused, is sure of this friendship. We see this when Lennie is subjected to answer Crooks’ joke when he says George might abandon him, Lennie jumps to reply â€Å"George wouldn’t do nothing like that† this shows that as dim-witted as Lennie seems, he will continue to reassure himself and believe that George would never leave because of the value of their relationship, from Lennie’s point of view, George is the most important person in his life his guardian and only friend. We also see that Lennie is reluctant and naà ¯ve; â€Å"but I wouldn’t eat none, George I’d leave it all for you. You could cover your beans with it and I wouldn’t touch none of it† the fact that Lennie outbursts in apology after George expresses to him his anger, goes to show the extent of earnestness Lennie has for their relationship, the idea that he is willing to sacrifice his desire (being ketchup) just shows how much he truly cares about George. We also see how much Lennie is dependant of George as he obeys George: â€Å"Yes† Lennie turned his head. â€Å"No, Lennie. Look down there across the river; you can almost see the place† Lennie obeys George† the fact that Lennie obeys George quickly shows there is a certain amount of respect for George, it shows he trusts George in whatever is being said, But we can then perceive this in two ways; a threatening, cruel way, or just the fact that Lennie understands the level of respect required with George. This also suggests to the reader that there are barriers in the relationship that affect how they treat each other, when Lennie chooses to obey George it may also show how Lennie cant decide for himself and he needs George to make his decisions for him. On the other hand, I have explored the way Lennie’s and George’s characters may change once they are around other people. We can also link this to the way George treats Lennie, George who is constructed as a responsible father-like man, and then seen as a reluctant carer to Lennie can be seen as a battle between two personalities in one person. We realise George’s personality changes when he is talking to Lennie and referring to the dream they both share: â€Å"George’s voice became deeper. He repeated his words rhythmically as though he had said them many times before. â€Å"Guys like us work on ranches†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the fact that Georges voice begins to get deeper as he starts to explain the dream shows how he feels towards it, sweet passionate George begins to reveal itself to the reader implying his interest in what he’s explaining, and it becomes more than words that he is speaking. But we then realise the contrast when George is talking amongst his work friends, George refers to Lennie as a â€Å"Crazy bastard† his dialect is a complete transition from when he was explaining the dream passionately. Describing Lennie as a crazy bastard may give the impression to the reader that George pretends he doesn’t understand the way Lennie is when he behaves unnecessary, showing how he may want to seem bigger than what he really is, in front of his work friends. George finds it hard to show his true love and compassion towards Lennie when around other people. In Chapter three George is talking to slim about the past, George explains to him how him and Lennie grew up together as neighbours, George mentions that when he first began travelling with Lennie he found it funny to play pranks on Lennie, but as they grew older they were no longer fun. We realise the relationship comes across barriers and obstacles especially because Lennie had a mental disability. â€Å"George herd Lennies whimpering cry and wheeled about, â€Å"blubbering like a baby! Jesus Christ! A big guy like you!† Lennies lip quivered and tears started in his eyes, â€Å"aw, Lennie† George put his hands on Lennie’s shoulder . â€Å"I aint taking it away for meanness, that mouse aint fresh..ect† Lennie cries like a baby, his reaction can be compared to a baby when they get told off, this may show mental weakness. The main thing about it is seeing a grown man cry, What is also interesting is now that George has made Lennie cry, George is considerably softened up by Lennies tears, Georges quick reply was â€Å"I aint taking it away jus for meanness† this shows George has a passionate side, he doesn’t want Lennie to be upset, but he still needs to show some control. We also recognize the quick transition in George as his emotions change from firm to soft, some people might perceive this is another way, the fact that George switches the way he talks to Lennie so sudden may show he is forced to put on a responsible role, George doesn’t want to be mean to Lennie, but Lennies behaviour forces him to. George’s sharp words can sometimes come across threatening to Lennie, his role of having to be responsible and caring towards him can be challenging for George. Into the second chapter as Lennie and George arrive at the camp and eventually go into meet the boss, George is very keen on being in control. His constant use of language is used to dominate the conversation. â€Å"Whats your name?† â€Å"George Milton† â€Å"and yours?† â€Å"George said, â€Å"His names Lennie small†. This shows us that George is carefully thinking about what may happen if he allows Lennie to talk, with full understanding that if Lennie says something out of content, they might loose their opportunity of working there. When we come to talk about how others may see the relationship, I find the boss’s perceiptive can be very intresting, as the boss is conversating with Small and Milton, the boss starts to suspect that George is using lennie to steal his money â€Å"he hacked his thumbs in his belt and squinted one eye nearly closed. Say what you sellin?† â€Å"huh?† â€Å"I said what stake you got in this guy† The boss miss interprets George’s authority and sees it as a way of George benefiting himself by taking Lennies money. When George knows he uses his authorative role to benefit them from losing their jobs. Later on in the novella, it is evident that George begins to feel fed up with Lennie, having to move locations all the time for every little mistake Lennie does. The fact that George ends ups killing Lennie clearly shows his lack of faith. George comes to a realisation that Lennie can not carry on the journey with him especially when he seems to be limiting him from going anywhere. I believe Steinbeck wants the reader to understand that sometimes you need to do the worst things to get the best results. He uses these two reluctant characters to portrait a hidden hope between them both, but the hope ends up getting crushed once George kills Lennie, which seemed like it was for the best. With a wider insight of what Steinbeck uses the characters for. I’ve analysed the way he uses the American dream with Lennie and George to separate them from the rest of the workmen. Lennie and George both share the same dream which keeps their hope through out their stay at their workplace. George says: â€Å"with us it aint like that. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We don’t have so sit in no bar room blowin in our jack jus because we got no place to go, if them other guys gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. But not us.. â€Å"the fact that George separates him and lennie from the other guys shows he sees everyone else differently, it shows they have a different mind-set to the rest of the guys and it shows they believe in something bigger and greater than in the walls of the ranch. Throughout the novel, Lennie seems to be unaware of what is right and what is wrong, and this comes across as a burden on george as he has to correct gim for every wrong thing he does. George knows just how easy his life could be without Lennie and all the confusion he causes. We understand this because at the start of the book George tells Lennie how he would get a decent job with nice guys to talk to and a good pay. Then at the end spend as much as he wanted. George’s life has been made harder because of Lennie, and until Lennie goes, he’ll forever be unhappy. When George is conversing with the boss, it’s interesting to see how Lennie can hide his strength which only emphasizes his weakness. The boss seems interested in hearing what Lennie can do, because of his masculinity and size, but now that Lennie has been forbidden to talk by George, he is afraid to communicate; â€Å"The boss pointed a playful finger at Lennie â€Å" he ain’t much of a talker, is he?† he’s sure a hell of a good worker. Strong as a bull† The fact that lennie is described as another animal for the 2nd time in this novel re-enforces Steinbecks idea of Lennie, it repeatedly foreshadows his behaviour now and what it could turn out to be, an animal has a lower mind-set than a human, less knowledgeable and less understanding. This episode also highlights’ how Lennie is weaker than George, Lennies physical build is very deceiving and he is limited by his mental ability and by his utter subjugation to George. We also realise the different types of features used such as imagery, metaphors and similes to dominate the scene or setting. â€Å"A water snake glided smoothly up the pool, twisting its periscope head from side to side, and it swam the length of the pool and came to the legs of a motionless heron that stood in the shallow. A silent head and beak lanced down and plucked it out by the head and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically† the great imagery here is used to begin section 6 to describe a setting like the ‘Garden of Eden’ this gives the reader a hint of what the scene may look like, a paradise heaven. The sliding snake represents the tempting serpent from the Garden of Eden, this symbolism is used to suggest the predatory nature of the world foreshadowing Lennies quick death. The innocent snake narrated in the beginning of the novel is now un-expectedly taken from the world and soon Lennie’s life will be taken from the world just as un expected as the snake. The idea that the snake is classed in a lower category than the Heron shows the difference between George and Lennie, George representing the predator and Lennie as the prey. We can often question ourselves on the way Steinbeck decided to end the book. The ending was certainly optimistic and interesting and especially un-expected. I believe Steinbeck wanted to get across to the readers that in order to pursue our dreams, we have to get rid of what’s stopping us from achieving, and in this case Lennie was topping George. Steinbeck also wants us to realise the amount of determination you need when you desperately want something. A successful way in which Steinbeck ends the novel is in the way he links it to the American Dream. The two protagonists lennie small and george Milton clearly help structure the hole idea of the American dream and the deep morals that come along side it. The American dream tells us that everyone is equal and everyone has same rights to achieve success, as long as effort is put into it. In this case, Lennie and George would love to persue their dream together, but Lennie’s mental ability and slow mindset holds them both back from achieving and becoming successful, Steinbeck clearly show this by proving – in order to persue your dreams, you need full submission, meaning getting rid of anything that is holding you back, and in this case, Lennie. Another way in which we could perceive the way Steinbeck uses the characters to portrait the American dream, is through their characteristics. Pursuing something great requires a lot of determination and a right mind set, it wasn’t that Lennie and George had no determination but lennie wasn’t in the perfect mind state to pursue the dream, so by George ending Lennies life, it allowed the extra stress to be released of Georges shoulders. Steinbeck simply uses this to show the reality side of things. The idea that the dream was reachable, but once George gave up on Lennie the dream became no longer attainable. The American dream was for anyone stable enough to work for what they want and to achieve it, but the purpose of the ending was another way of telling people that having a dream and striving for it is definitely not easy, he also gets us to understand that even though everyone around you may not believe in what you do, it does not mean you should stop believing in it. The main core of this novel was the suspense built between Lennie and George to show having a strong desire for something isn’t impossible.

Ezra Pound in the Imagist Movement

Ezra Pound in the Imagist Movement In the beginning of the 20th century, a poetry style called Imagism was growing. Imagism is derived from Modernism and was created in response to Romanticism. Contrary to Romanticism, Imagist poems consist of brief sentences of dry clarity which painted an exact visual image and poetic statement. Thence leaving little to no room for interpretation due to it's candidness expressing of ideas. Imagism was also a conferrer to the french Symbolist movement, but antithetical to it in that Symbolism analyzes more in music and Imagism more in art and sculpture.In the Imagist Movement belonged a group of poets called Imagists. The main contributors to the poetic style were John Gould Fletcher, Harriet Monroe, Ezra Pound and many others. The most influential poet in the Imagist movement and the most famous was Ezra Pound. Pound, born in Ohio in 1885, completed two years of college at the University of Pennsylvania and earned a degree from Hamilton College in 1905. His work had a major influence in famous poets such as Robert Frost and T. S. Eliot. After graduation, Pound taught for a short time at Wabash College in Indiana and then left forEurope,where he lived most of his life. His first sum of poetry, â€Å"A Lume Spento†, (In which he carried copies to distributed when he moved to London later that year) was published in Venice in1908. His second, â€Å"The Personae of Ezra Pound†, was published in London in 1909 and was immediately acclaimed by critics. Pound wrote more than seventy books, contributed to seventy others, and published more than 1,500 articles. Being an Imagist, Pound had many strict rules to his style of writing. One of which he stressed lyricism and was selective in use of words.A lyrical poem is â€Å"strongly marked by imagination, melody, and emotion, and creates a single, unified impression† (Holman, 1986, p. 283). Pound, as well as all other Imagist poets followed other rules such as using direct treatment of the ‘thing' whether subjective or objective, using absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation, and as regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome. Another important aspect of Pound's literary career was his large promotion of other writers and artists. He persuaded Harriet Monroe to publish T.S. Eliot's â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† He was also an early supporter of the Irish novelist James Joyce and helped him in publishing his work in literary magazines before they were published in book form. Pound praised other poets while they were still fairly unknown such as D. H. Lawrence, Robert Frost, and Ernest Hemingway. In all of the Imagist movement, there has been many contributors, poets, and poems. Though Ezra Pound doesn't regard his work to any significant level, it is evident that his work is held at the highest respect of imagist movement and well after his death.

HRD Sample

Drawing from theories and models that inform adults and organisational learning, critically evaluate an HRD program or intervention that you deliver or have personally experienced. Introduction This essay looks into a learning program which was personally delivered. It aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the program by drawing upon relevant theories and models revolving around adult and organisational learning.Theories are used to substantiate the step by step processes undertaken in the program as well as to critique the areas which could have been performed better or were carried out uccessfully by the program coordinators. This essay is told from the perspective of a facilitator's role in which I was primarily involved in. At the end of this essay, we hope to understand how a successful HRD learning program should be run and what factors significantly influence its success.Learning Program The selected program used throughout this essay as a case study is the ‘C ombat Medical NSmen Ops Refresher Training. The program involved me as one of the key facilitators which was conducted during my national service time. The objective was to ensure the competence of the National Service (NS) men in carrying out their edical responsibilities and performing up to expectations when the time arises for them to do so in future. This was carried out by first refreshing the NSmen's theoretical knowledge of specific medical subject matter, i. . various emergency surgical procedures, that was taught during their NS days. Typically conducted annually, the refresher training would see the NSmen undergoing classroom learning followed by a practical hands-on session of role playing, after which they would be tested under a controlled, simulated setting as a form of learning assessment. The refresher training was a one-day program carried out in the compounds of the Singapore Armed Forces Medical Training Institute (SMTI).The facilitators comprised of regular seni or medical officers and fulltime national servicemen (NSFs), of whom I was one of them. The seniors acted as supervisors while the NSFs were more primarily involved in running the program on the ground. Teaching and demonstrations were conducted by NSFs while assessment was done by the senior officers. The age group of the NSmen participants ranged from 30 to 40 years old, thus the target audience was specific to older adult learners who were most likely married or some even fathers.The program was catered to a batch group of 20 NSmen with 2 facilitators assigned. The four stages of HRD HRD is an ongoing learning process involving training and development activities which seek to groom individuals' skills for the purpose of enhancing organisational productivity (Swanson & Holton 2 ) Adult learning talls within the HRD learning process. Knowles (1998) mentioned that adults tend to follow andragogical assumptions of learning such that firstly, the learning should have practical value for applying in real-life situations and problems.Next is for the learning to utilise the knowledge inherent in the adult and lastly it should actively engage him/her. All hese are reflected in the medical refresher program and will be explained through a series of four step by step stages namely the needs investigation, design, implementation and evaluation stages. HRD Needs Investigation (HRDNI) HRDNI refers to the process of identifying how much is known by the participants prior to the program against what is expected of them to know based on the learning objectives set out (Tovey & Lawlor 2008; Rothwell & Kazanas 1989).It represents an organized way to determine if a HRD solution is needed in the first place. It helps identify the content and learning objectives, the population, resources required, as ell as context and organisational politics. Behind every successful HRD learning program is a good HRDNI carried out in the beginning. The refresher program showed that HRDNI was conducted successfully as clear learning objectives, competencies and learning outcomes were established (Delahaye 2011). The needs were determined through the two levels of HRDNI: surveillance and investigation (Delahaye 2011).Program coordinators had long been monitoring how competent NSmen were in carrying out their medical duties upon completion of their NS time. Through the observation of several past reservists' in-camp trainings where these NSmen were required to demonstrate their medical proficiency in a simulated battlefield environment, their quality and competencies were analysed. Data was gathered through the means of organisational records and observations (Delahaye 2011). It was found that most NSmen were unable to remember much of what they had learnt during their NS days and thus, lacked in several key competencies.One of which was the ability to remember the medical apparatus to be used in assisting the surgeon in the surgical procedures. Thus, as a result of HRDNI, the ‘Combat Medical NSmen Ops Refresher Training learning program came about as form of HRD ntervention. Its aim was to keep NSmen constantly up to date with their medical roles so that when a real emergency breaks out in Singapore, they would be ready for it. Although the need for refresher training was correctly identified by program coordinators, the HRDNI could have been more specific to seek the opinions of the participants as well.Conducting such a program meant that more time, be it for work or family, had to be sacrificed by the working adults so that they could attend. Moreover, not all might feel the need for the refresher as they might be confident of their own knowledge. Thus one investigatory method to gather their opinions would be through holding an online survey questionnaire weeks before the commencement of the program. The questionnaire could ask them for their current level of knowledge and ask if the refresher would be effectively catering to their needs, also for their level of interest in participation.Curriculum Design This is the second stage once HRDNI nas been completed Curriculum represents tn systematic process of putting the learner through action (Smith & Lovat 2003). This stage involves matching the learning structure to the characteristics of the adult learners (Delahaye 2011). To do this, constructive alignment needs to take place. This means that the expected actions the learner has to emulate based on the learning objectives must be coherent with the teaching and assessment style (Biggs & Tang 2007).The refresher program was successful in achieving constructive alignment as the objective to instil confidence in the NSmen to showcase their medical proficiency in carrying out the surgical procedures was well reflected by the practical role- playing sessions demonstrated and taught by the facilitators. The design structure of the refresher program followed closely to Delahaye's (2011) Hierarchy of Learning Outcomes (HLO) model. The model emphasizes the progression from explicit to tacit knowledge and this was seen in the program as facilitators made use of instrumental to communicative learning.The program outlined movements from basic to intermediate to complex, Just as how HLO mentions in its five categories of programmed knowledge, task, relationship, critical thinking and meta-abilities. The refresher program started off with programmed knowledge which was in the form of classroom-based learning to provide the factual and theoretical knowledge to the NSmen. It then moved into task where they were required to be analytical in a role- laying scenario. That involved a linear, diagnostic and complex analysis which in short, refers to using simple information-processing, interpretation, problem solving and decision making skills.The role-playing session incorporated discussions and effective team play as well, which in turn worked on a relationship level of interpersonal communication between partici pants. The program ended off with action learning where participants were encouraged to use mental agility under the meta-abilities category to be able to think clearly under pressure, when performing their learning assessment in a controlled environmental setting. The HLO progression was mapped in accordance to the learning characteristics of the NSmen participants.Facilitators took into consideration that because the participants were older learners, the learning environment created was a similar aged batch of between 30 and 40 years old so that they would feel more comfortable and safe (Delahaye ; Ehrich 2008). Older learners tend to be involved in complex learning, occasionally switching from being dependent to independent learners and thus passively seeking and actively seeking knowledge, respectively. Hence, the design of the refresher program ensured a combination of various learning trategies to meet to these adult learners' characteristics.These strategies will be covered u nder the implementation stage later. It was indeed a good initiative by the facilitators to find out the basic characteristics of their adult learners and thus used HLO as a step by step process to teach them. However, there is room for improvement. All adult learners have different learning styles and so a good HR designer would pay close attention to finding out what styles their participants fall under. This can be done by issuing out a learning style questionnaire which will seek o determine if a participant is a reflector, theorist, pragmatist or activist (Honey & Mumford 1992).Each learning style will differently influence the way an individual learns, and so will impact the design ot a learning program. However, an individual may also have at times a combination of both styles. Thus, a good designer should strive to integrate all four styles in any learning program. Implementation This third stage of the HRD process covers the skills required of a HR developer who is also kno wn as the facilitator. In other words, this section analyses how effective or killed the facilitators are in conducting the learning program, based on the participants' level of engagement.It also covers the various learning strategies used. As one of the facilitators of the refresher program, I exhibited strong micro-skills of questioning and responding, and a high level of enthusiasm, channelling the energy positively to the participants. Delahaye (2011) pointed out that such skills are important in the delivery of a learning program, but are often overlooked by HR developers. Feldman (2007) agrees that with greater enthusiasm demonstrated, the higher are the chances of learner accomplishment. As for the learning strategy, a structured style was used in the beginning stage of the refresher program.This took the form of lecture-style learning. Delahaye (2011) regards lecture as structured due to the teacher-student controlled form where the teacher assumes full responsibility over the learning of the student and controls what and how the student will learn. Facilitators conducting the lecture used PowerPoint presentation to recap the relevant theoretical knowledge of the emergency surgical procedures. The slides included detailed photographs showing how each procedure was to be carried out step by step. This was complemented with a set of the hardcopy handout slides so that the NSmen could write notes throughout.On top of that, the whiteboard was used simultaneously by the facilitator to Jot down the key points of the presentation. This ensured an appropriate usage of visual aids to appeal to the adult learners (Delahaye 2011). The lecture-style teaching made use of instrumental learning, one of the three transformational adult learning domains (Mezirow 2009). Instrumental allows learning to be controlled and can manoeuvre the environment. Under it is the knowledge generation process of combination which sees a transfer of explicit to ven more complex explici t knowledge (Nonaka ; von Krogh 2009).The PowerPoint presentation, for instance, got the NSmen to combine the explicit knowledge they were looking at and listening to with their own explicit knowledge, thus leading into a process of re-sorting and re-understanding of their inherent knowledge. Another point to make was that sufficient breaks were given throughout the lecture presentation so as to space out the learning and carry out part learning so that participants could digest the information better, especially since older learners dislike having big chunks of information (Grattan 1955; Miller 1956).These were some of the principles of learning highlighted during the structured strategy. Subsequently, in the refresher program, the learning strategy shifted from structured to semi-structured. After the theoretical bit was covered, facilitators proceeded onto the practical, hands-on session. The knowledge Just learnt or recapped was to be applied on mannequins which acted as causali ties. Here, the actual whole tray of medical apparatus needed for the surgical procedures is introduced to the NSmen participants, after seeing pictures of them in the PowerPoint slides and the hardcopy andouts.Participants were divided into 4 groups ot 5 in which each group nad a mannequin and a set of tools to work with. Each facilitator was assigned to 2 groups to firstly demonstrate the correct techniques and steps to perform the emergency surgical procedures, using the apparatus provided. Participants observed carefully to learn the steps that they would later be tested, in what was actually known as modelling, one of the 3 basic types of learning. Modelling refers to copying an action after observing how it is done (Bandura 1977; Gardner et al. 1981).Facilitators of the efresher program aimed to see an exchange of tacit to tacit knowledge between the participants and themselves in a socialisation process. This was achieved through the modelling learning behaviour. The semi-str uctured strategy using the mannequins was a form of role-playing as within each group, participants took turns to role play as surgeons and assistants to the surgeons. This role-playing also helped to strengthen the HLO in areas of forging better interpersonal relationships and the use of group processes, Just to name a few (Delahaye 2011).On a separate point, ole-playing illustrates that the NSmen participants also underwent communicative learning, which is known to be a learner's effort to relate to another to understand each other's viewpoints (Mezirow 2000). Evaluation This last stage of the HRD process signifies the importance for proper assessment methods. The evaluation technique that was used for the ‘Combat Medical NSmen Ops Refresher Training program was the assessment of learning.This assessment, as stressed by Delahaye (201 1), paves the way for measuring the effectiveness of the learning program, allowing the examiners to gauge how useful the program had een for t he participants as well as to see if the learning objectives set out from the start had been met in the end. In addition, assessment offers feedback for both the adult learner and HR developer. Through it, they can identify their strengths and weaknesses so that they can make necessary amendments to make their learning processes more effective in future.Out of the six types of assessment of learning methods available, the refresher program used performance tests, which proved to be the most suitable form of evaluation due to the complex nature of the program (Delahaye 2011). Following on after the role-playing session of using the mannequins and medical tools, the NSmen participants were made to undergo a performance test in the outdoors open field which simulated an actual situation of what it would likely be in an actual war zone battlefield environment where the NSmen would encounter multiple casualties suffering from different kinds of wounds and war injuries.They would be requi red to think on their feet using mental agility, under a stressful environment, of which of the following emergency surgical procedures learnt would be best used for treatments. As said by Delahaye (201 1), performance tests need to be conducted by highly skilled trainers whose evaluation makes use of their tacit knowledge. Thus, the assessment of the program was a success as it brought in the senior medical officers, who have years of experience in the field, to evaluate the performances of the NSmen. This also served to be a non-biased evaluation as the seniors were not involved in running the on ground training.In evaluation, a pre- designed evaluation criteria form was used by the senior officers so as to quantify the observed results (Thorndike 2007). The results were then snowed to the NSmen articipants during the program debrief. The outcome of the performance test showed a match to the adult learners' HLO, identified in the curriculum design stage, in the categories of progr ammed knowledge; and task and relationship. It also successfully tested the learners' action learning process of critical thinking and meta- abilities.Conclusion This essay has looked at the ‘Combat Medical NSmen Ops Refresher Training' as a learning program which served as an HRD intervention based on the needs investigation conducted. It found that a refresher program would be beneficial to the NSmen in helping them to familiarise with the medical proficiency knowledge they are required to demonstrate in their annual reservist in-camp trainings. This essay thus went on to elaborate the four stages involved in influencing this successful HRD learning program using theories primarily from adult learning.Following on from a thorough HRDNI, the design of the program saw that a necessary constructive alignment was made between the teaching style and the characteristics of the adult learners. The HLO model was used in this stage. As for the implementation, the acilitators of the p rogram demonstrated strong micro-skills as well as using structured and semi-structured learning strategies through a PowerPoint presentation and role-playing session which reflected on instrumental and communicative learning for the adult learners, respectively.The final stage was the evaluation of the program in which a performance test was carried out as a specific assessment of learning method. Word Count: 2566 Reference List Bandura, A 1977, Social learning theory, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Biggs, JB & Tang, C 2007, Teaching for quality learning at university: what the student does, 3rd edn, Open University Press, Maidenhead. Delahaye, B & Ehrich, L 2008, ‘Complex learning preferences and strategies of older adults', Educational Gerontology, vol. 34, pp. 649- 662, viewed 30 August 2012, Emerald Database.Delahaye, B 2011, Human resource development: managing learning and knowledge capital, 3rd edn, Tilde University Press, Prahran Australia. Feldman, KA 2007, ‘Identi fying exemplary teachers and teaching: evidence from students' ratings', Perry, RP ; Smart, JC (eds. ), The scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education: an evidence-based perspective, Springer, AA Dordrecht, Netherlands. Gardner, G, Innes, JM, Forgas, JP, O'Driscoll, M, Pearce, PL & Newton, JW 1981, Social psychology, Prentice Hall, Sydney.Grattan, CH 1995, In quest of knowledge: a historical perspective on adult education, Association Press, New York. Honey, P & Mumford, A 1992, The manual of learning styles, Peter Honey, Maidenhead, I-JK. Knowles, MS 1998, The adult learner: a neglected species, 5th edn, Gulf, Houston. Long, HB 2002, Teaching for learning, Malabar, Florida, Krieger. Mezirow,J 2000, ‘Learning to think like an adult: core concepts of adult learning theory, in Mezirow, J (ed. ), Learning as transformation: ritical perspectives on a theory in progress, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Mezirow,J 2009, ‘Transformative learning theory, in Mezirow, J & Taylor, EW (eds. ), Transformational learning in practice: insights from community, workplace and higher education, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. M GA 1956, ‘The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information', Psychological Review, vol. 63, pp. 81-97, viewed 30 August 2012, Emerald Database. Nonaka, I & von Krogh, G 2009, ‘Tacit knowledge and knowledge conversion: controversy and advancement in organizational knowledge creation', Organization Science, vol. 0, no. 3, pp. 35-652, viewed 28 August 2012, Proquest Database. Rothwell, W] & Kazanas, HC 1989, Strategic human resource development, 4th edn, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Smith, DL & Lovat, TJ 2003, Curriculum: action on reflection, 4th edn, Social Science Press, Tuggerah, NSW. Swanson, RA & Holton, EF 2001 , Foundations of Human Resource Development, Berrett-koehler, San Francisco. Thorndike, RM 2007, Measurement and evaluation in psychology and educatio n, 7th edn, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Tovey, MD & Lawlor, DR 2008, Training in Australia, 3rd edn, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest, NSW.

Biography of Emiliano Zapata Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biography of Emiliano Zapata - Essay Example Zapata first used peaceful negotiation. He then increasingly resorted to the forcible confiscation of land from the haciendas and its redistribution among the peasants. In 1910, Zapata joined Francisco Madero’s  revolution against the entrenched dictatorship of  Porfirio Dà ­az.   In March of 1911, he formed a small guerilla band and captured Cuautla, Morelos, a strategic location, helping to remove Dà ­az from power.  Zapata then opposed Madero, himself was a hacienda owner, for his indifference to democracy and land reforms.  Ã‚  Zapata retained his guerilla force, retreated to the mountains and continued his fight against the new regime. Along with Otilio Montaà ±o, a local school teacher, Zapata composed the Plan of Avala, which expressed the land aspirations of the local peasants. In 1913,the new dictator, Victoriano Huerta attempted to reconcile with Zapata, but Zapata rebuffed him and went on to consolidate his hold over all of Morelos, and parts of the other neighboring states, by the summer of 1914.  Zapata formed an alliance with Francisco Pancho Villa, in December 1914 and took control of Mexico City. His attempts t o implement his land reforms in Morelos met with limited success.   In 1915, Venustiano Carranza took control of the revolution and invaded Morelos. Zapata faced increasing internal dissent. He finally attempted to form an alliance with Jesà ºs Guajardo, a dissenter in Carranza’s army. Zapata was shot dead by Guajardo’s troops as he rode to his meeting with Carranza at Chinameco on April 10,

Theory of Coping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory of Coping - Essay Example These models include the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, the Developmental Health Model, the Framework of Systemic Organization, the Roy Adaptation Model, and the Neuman Systems Model. While these have been successful in aiding family members through the coping process, they do not focus specifically or solely on the coping processes utilized by patients in intensive care and their relatives. An evidence-based theoretical model is a necessary continuation of nursing research. A further understanding of the coping methods that relatives utilize during the acute stages of the patient's illness may allow health care professionals to predict and prevent difficulties during the recovery period. Johansson et al. (2006) posited that this theoretical coping model must contain both the ICU-stay and home recovery in order to facilitate the distinction of possible maladaptive coping methods and to assist in the choice of effective nursing interventions. To follow is a discussion and analysis of the theory formulated by Johansson et al. (2006) as well as a discussion regarding the relevancy and application of this theory. In their 2006 study, Johansson et al. ... ought to develop a theoretical model of the coping methods of family members during the patient's ICU stay and the following recovery process by performing an analysis of concepts that were elicited from two empirically based, theoretical studies. The researchers defined a relative as a close acquaintance or friend. The theoretical model of the relative's coping methods was inductively derived during the time between 2004-2005 and was based on theories that were produced from the aforementioned empirical studies. A university ethics committee then approved these studies (Johansson et al., 2006). The researchers defined inclusion criterion as adult relatives of adult patients that had been on mechanical ventilation in an ICU (Johansson et al., 2006). In order to refine and combine multiple coping concepts from both the ICU-stay and the recovery period in a unified theoretical coping model, the researchers used simultaneous concept analysis that was in accordance with previous studies. Johansson et al. (2006) utilized the simultaneous concept analysis in order to explain all concepts simultaneously providing definitions that were mutually exclusive of one another while focusing on dynamics of their interrelationships and overall characteristics. The researchers utilized several procedures in order to achieve their goals. First, they developed a consensus group that included individuals that could contribute a particular proficiency and were willing to compromise and aid in the creation of a theoretical coping model (Johansson et al., 2006). The researchers then developed the concept clarification strategy that involved choosing which particular concept clarification method should be utilized regarding the concepts of coping that were selected from the two

Permanent Pair Bonding Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Permanent Pair Bonding - Research Paper Example 227). Pair-bonds can be defined as long-term affiliation between two individuals that also includes a sexual relationship. This relationship is relatively enduring irrespective of whether it is monogamous or polygamous. Various hypotheses have surfaced regarding the evolution of human pair-bonds, with some considering it a consequence of the competition of male mating while others considering it paternal provisioning’s adaptation. This paper explores the evolution of permanent pair bonding in humans. Pair bonding is one of the most fundamental behaviors in humans like it is in all other primates and mammals. The importance of pair bonding is secondary probably only to such physiological needs as food and air. It is a natural behavior because of which it is commonly exhibited by both humans and non-human living beings, though in humans, a wide range of factors influence humans’ perceptions about and trends in pair bonding. Humans’ pair bonding patterns and behaviors are considerably different from those of other primates, humans being superior to them. Although the bond between a child and a mother in humans is homologous with the bond seen in other primates as well as mammals, yet the pair bond between a man and a woman and the pair bond between a man and a child in humans are not comparable to any terrestrial primate’s or mammals’ bonds (Immerman, 2003, p. 138). ... mother and a child in humans is similar to other terrestrial primates but the bases of affiliative bond between a man and a woman or between a child and a man is dissimilar between humans and primates. The biological explanation of the evolution of pair-bonding is explained by the research on the monogamous rodents that has led to the emergence of a neurobiological model of formation of pair-bond (Young and Wang, 2004). The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin play an important role in dealing with the social cues that help in individual recognition. Reward learning and reinforcement is caused by mesolimbic dopamine. During the process of mating, dopamine receptors and neuropeptide get activated concurrently in the brain’s reward centers which leads to the conditioned preference for partner in pair-bonding. The differences observed in the tendency to develop pair bonds across different species is explained by the differential regulation of the expression of neuropeptide rece ptor. A very important perspective of the evolution of human pairing is grounded in religion. This is the perspective believed by a vast majority of people that believe in God and typically those that belong to an Abrahamic religion. It is mentioned in the religious scriptures that God made Adam and Eve as a pair and the entire generations of humans that have born ever since evolved from this first pair. For instance, in Surah Al-Nisa, it is mentioned, â€Å"O humans! Be pious (careful of your duty) to your Lord, Who created you from a single self (soul), and from it He created its mate, and from them He has spread a multitude of men and women† (Al-Nisa 4:1 cited in El-Najjar, 2007). This verse reveals about the commencement of life with one soul from which, its mate was made. Over the passage of

Antigone, Oedipus and Othello Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Antigone, Oedipus and Othello - Research Paper Example Thesis Statement This paper intends to present an in-depth study of the plays that have evolved from different ages in the literature through the manifestation of a comparative study. Along with that the comparative analysis of the themes present in the plays, culminates a perspective quintessential for the understanding of the role of these plays in comprehending the societies from which they have evolved. Comparison To compare the Greek plays Antigone and Oedipus with that of Othello by William Shakespeare, the first thing that will come under the scanner for choosing the parameter of comparison is the lapse of time running between the composition of Antigone, Oedipus and Othello. Yet, there are certain pre-cognitive planes on which the thread of comparison can be preceded. All the three plays are great tragedies of literature but Antigone is a tragedy of a princess and Oedipus and Othello speaks the tragic saga of two kings from two different parts of the world facing their predic ament at two different times, yet are united by their grief and suffering evolved out of misunderstanding, betrayal and infidelity with all-pervasive elements of destiny extending and exercising its spell on the characters of the play. Antigone was probably composed by Sophocles before or in the year of 442 B.C. Chronologically, Antigone stands in the third position among the three Theban Plays but it is assumed to be written first. The play focuses on the expansion of the Theban legend that is composed predated to it and picks up the note where Aeschylus’ ‘Seven Against Thebes’ ends. On the other hand, Oedipus is also composed by Sophocles and it is an Athenian tragedy that was first performed around 429 B.C. This play is the second in the chronological order among the three Theban plays but in the internal chronology, it comes first which is followed by Oedipus of Colonus and lastly by Antigone. Over the ages, Oedipus as a play has become the mark of the excellence which Greek culture and art possessed at that time and undoubtedly is one of the remarkable tragedies of all times (Knox, B. â€Å"The Date of the  Oedipus Tyrannus  of Sophocles†). Othello was composed by all-time master playwright of English literature, William Shakespeare and is assumed to be composed around 1603. Believed to be based on the Italian short story titled â€Å"Un Capitano Moro†, which in English means â€Å"A Moorish Captain†, the piece was composed by Cinthio who was a follower of Boccaccio. It is presumed to be first published in the year 1565. Othello as a tragedy has surpassed all the limits of the pain that love can bring and stands out as a shrine of aesthetic creativity, poetic verses and passionate presentation. All the three plays, Antigone, Oedipus and Othello are tragedies and all the three plays are set against a non-English background. Therefore, a comparative analysis of these plays would launch the readers into a platform that would yield a lot of information and perspective of Greek as well as Venetian society. At the same time, in all the three plays the role of women in society and their conditions from society to society at different times play important expression which would again launch into a macrocosmic interpretation of the social values pertaining during the different ages when the plays were composed.

Critically analyse the effectiveness of United Nations Security Essay

Critically analyse the effectiveness of United Nations Security Council - Essay Example nal law is not an empty promise.† His rhetorics, however, were met with critical remarks from President Arias Sanchez of Costa Rica, who said that the United Nations had failed in its mission to make the world a safe place to live in. He accused the UNSC of continuously turning â€Å"a blind eye† to arms proliferation, as well as to countries that refused to ratify the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. He added that it was not possible for the world to be safe, if arms proliferation was not given top priority on the international agenda. His sentiments were echoed by French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who observed that Iran and the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea , who were â€Å"right in front of us,† had violated Security Council resolutions to stop the testing of ballistic missiles (Security Council SC/ 9746, 2009). He stressed the need for all Council decisions to prove effective by producing positive results. Fore most on the minds of the Heads of State, however, was how the permanent five (P-5) members of the UNSC, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), propose to work together to solve the intractable nuclear issues that had existed since the Cold War. This essay seeks to analyze: i) politics within the United Nations Security Council, ii) reform in the United Nations Security Council, iii) the Security Council today - 21st Century, and iv) the role of the Secretary-General. The first major setback that paralyzed the United Nations Security Council from managing and handling international security issues effectively, was the use of vetoes by the five permanent members (P-5)(P. Wallensteen, P. Johansson, 2004: 20). During the Cold War period, a total of 193 vetoes were casted. Of these, forty-four were concerned with electing a new Secretary-General, fifty-four concerned the election of new members to the organization, while the rest of the vetoes were used as a show of rejection of draft resolutions